Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are strategic transactions where one company assumes the assets and liabilities of another, aiming to create synergies and generate economic gains. Different forms of acquisitions exist beyond mergers, such as asset purchases or stock buyouts.

Benefits of M&A include achieving economies of scale, combining resources, gaining tax advantages, and eliminating inefficiencies. Companies may pursue M&A to acquire proprietary rights, expand market power, address weaknesses, enter new markets, or provide growth opportunities for managers.

For small businesses, M&A can unlock value, facilitate growth, and offer competitive advantages. Reasons for small businesses to engage in M&A include estate planning, diversification, financing growth, or strategic positioning against larger competitors. 

Reverse Takeover is a method small businesses can use for M&A.

Assessing M&A involves complex evaluations of costs, benefits, legal and tax considerations, strategic fits, and corporate control issues. These transactions impact firm value, stock prices, and may involve challenges related to management changes and hostile takeovers.